We had an interesting problem the other day while integrating with a web service hosted on an apache server. Every time we called the WSDL methods we could see a valid request being sent and a valid response being returned (ok there were a few syntax errors but nothing that would stop it converting) but despite this every time, without fail, it would return null at code level.

The solution was actually amazingly simple. In short, since our last flurry with web services we've upgraded to Visual Studio 2008 and installed ReSharper (see below for how that's relevant). In VS2008 they've sneakily added a new menu "Add Service Reference" and although it's in the same menu location and a similar wording etc does something different. If you add your WSDL reference this way it will more than likely fail.

To add a "Web Reference" in Visual Studio 2008 follow the instructions below and hopefully you won't go down the same routes that I did trying to debug the XML...

Click the "Add Service Reference" menu option (obviously!)

The screen below should appear, instead of entering the address of the web service into the address bar, click the advanced button at the bottom (highlighted)

That'll then bring up the screen below, on which you need to click the "Add Web Reference" button at the bottom.

You should then be presented with the usual "Add Web Reference" screen (see below).

Why did I mention ReSharper? Well I've notice that as well as adding to the IDE they've also updated some of the menu items, most noticeably "Go to Definition" which is now "go to Declaration" (see below) so I figured this new menu option was thanks to them.

ReSharper:

Without ReSharper:

So the next time your WSDL is returning a null object even though a valid response is being retrieved, check how you added it in Visual Studio,.

Despite all the doom and gloom surrounding the pending credit crunch, we're hiring as work is piling in and we need help :). So if you're a developer, designer, sales person, marketing guru -or you're just plain bored check out The Site Doctor's vacancies page for the great posts currently up for grabs!

Not sure why you should come and work with us? There are way too many reasons to list in one go but here are my top 5:

• You'll have a great boss (ok I'm a touch biased)
• We have 20% time (every Friday we down tools and do something cool -that doesn't relate to the main projects you're working on at the time -more about that another day)
• We're committed to your development and will fund courses etc
• There are bonuses to be had for referrals and working hard!
• You get your Birthday as an additional bank holiday so you never need to worry about booking it off again!

Oh and there's free Tea and Coffee -so I guess that's 6 reasons to get in touch.

For more information about the posts available (more being added later this week) check out The Site Doctor vacancies page.

Since re-installing my main development machine recently, I've had a real irritation -I had to resort to SQL Server Management Studio Express as I couldn't get the full version installed. This wasn't a problem until today when I had to re-create some full text catalogs (which is one of the things you can't do using the GUI in SQL Server Management Studio Express).

I did look into getting this working before giving up before due to time constraints but this time I had no choice but this time I must have done something differently.

Just to bring you up-to speed, whenever I tried to install SQL Server Management Studio using the SQL Server 2005 installer, I got an error message something along the lines of "Edition Version Conflict". The installer then suggests you uninstall the express tools (which you do) and you try again just to get the same error message.

Most people on Google are just resorting to a complete re-install of your machine but I've found that's because you're not uninstalling the right thing. First thing I did this time was remove Microsoft SQL Server 2005 completely but near the end of the installer it asks you if you want to remove or modify. This time, I chose modify and set all the components to "Entire Feature will be Unavailable". That then seems to uninstall it fully for you. Now uninstall SQL Server Management Studio Express and you're done :)

Hope that helps someone else (or me in a few months time...)

After our recent issues with Fasthosts (or as they are now fondly referred to in the office - Farcehosts) I have made the conscious decision to move away from them completely over the forthcoming months (probably years). We no longer have any clients on their hosting platform but we still have circa 300 domain names registered through various accounts through their sister company UKReg.

Due to the authority's charges, we can't just transfer all these domains away as it'd cost us a fortune (and possibly one we can't recoup) so I'm going to do it as they expire. In our search to find an alternative provider someone suggested we check out the new kid on the block - Heart Internet. According to those in the know on Underscore they are a bunch of guys who used to work at 1&1 and decided they could do it better.

So far I've found their service to be great -and value wise they're cheaper than most providers which is a bonus. As with most of the providers these days it's all managed through their easy to use online control panel which is pretty straight forward. If you're on the lookout for great value or cheap domain names give Heart Internet a look.

BTW if you're wondering where Heart Internet's.co.uk domain names from 9p is, check under the transfer fees. Still £2.59 is a great price for any .co.uk!

Having only recently started to use Umbraco I've taken a couple of days to familiarise myself with the way it works and try and get a few best practices in place, I expect these will be updated over time but you've got to start somewhere ;)

As with any code, I think it's very important to follow a consistent naming convention -whether it's the same one everyone else follows or not, you need to be able to pickup code you wrote months/years/decades ago and still understand it. Your styles will no doubt change over the years but you get the idea.

I've chosen to follow the following "style":

• Document Types: Lowercase the first letter of the aliases followed by capitals for the new words (similar to Hungarian Notation). Use descriptive names i.e. Home Page for the document type as it'll be client facing. Suffix with "Page" if it is a page document type (as opposed to i.e. a screen shot)
• Templates: If the template is specifically for a document type, use the same name for the template, if it relates to multiple document types name it logically i.e. "Master Template" or "Left Menu"
• Macros: Prefix the macro alias with uppercase TSD to avoid conflicts with other macros. Prefix the name with [Source of the macro] i.e. [XSLT] or [User Control]. This is something I picked up from the sample package created by Warren Buckley that I think makes it easier to understand what's going on
• XSLT Files: Prefix the name with the site's abbreviation i.e. for www.thesitedoctor.co.uk it would be TSD or for www.wineandhampergifts.co.uk WAHG if it's a site specific XSLT file otherwise name conventionally i.e. CamelCase

Type
System.FormatException
Message
Exception of type 'System.Web.HttpUnhandledException' was thrown.
StackTrace
at System.Text.StringBuilder.FormatError()
at System.Text.StringBuilder.AppendFormat(IFormatProvider provider, String format, Object[] args)
at System.String.Format(IFormatProvider provider, String format, Object[] args)
Error Line
0

Just got that message (or at most "Exception of type 'System.Web.HttpUnhandledException' was thrown")? Puzzled? I was the first time I got it, I've been meaning to post about it for quite some time now so seeing as I got it again today I took the hint.

The error is horrifingly obvious when you know about it, in short, you've no doubt got some code that looks like this:

String.Format("<html><head><style type=\"text/css\">body{color: #fff;}</style><body>...");

Can you spot it now? Notice your style declaration is using the curly brackets? Basically String.Format is interpreting that as a placeholder i.e. {0} and is throwing a wobbly.

The solution is simple too, just replace all opening/closing brackets with two i.e:

String.Format("<html><head><style type=\"text/css\">body{{color: #fff;}}</style><body>...");

I hope that helps someone out there :)

P.S. Watch out for methods that use String.Format as they may catch you out in the same way -i.e. Subject of System.Net.Mail.MailMessage

As with my previous post, we upgraded the AJAX framework on the weekend which broke a few things, but one control in particular that broke was our TextChangedTextBox which is based on Pete Kellner's timed postback control. Since updating we were receiving a "'debug' is undefined" error on line 1409 (which was in one of the JavaScript include files).

Having had this issue before I updated the TextChangedBehavior.js but that didn't sort it, I have the latest version of the Futures on the server too so I was lost. Turns out I had an old version of the AJAX Futures DLL within the Bin folder of the project.

So as with my post on the ASP.Net forums before -make sure you update your AJAX Futures when updating your Microsoft AJAX framework!

Over the weekend we had to upgrade the server's version of ASP.Net AJAX which went fine until this morning when we started receiving the error "Server cannot modify cookies after HTTP headers have been sent."

Luckily this wasn't bubbled up to the UI but incase other people are getting the error I thought I would share the fix. The error is apparently a known error with ASP.Net AJAX and the RolesManager. To fix the error all you need to do is add the following to your RolesManager web.config node:

cacheRolesInCookie="false"

The full error message was

Message:
Server cannot modify cookies after HTTP headers have been sent.

StackTrace:
at System.Web.HttpCookieCollection.Add(HttpCookie cookie)
at System.Web.Security.RoleManagerModule.OnLeave(Object source, EventArgs eventArgs)
at System.Web.HttpApplication.SyncEventExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute()
at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously)

When we got our own dedicated server we needed to start working out a fair number of processes and decide upon a structure that was replicable, scaleable and manageable on a large scale, although the solution we've ended up adopting may not be the best, it certainly works for us.

One thing that has been bugging me however is the location and folder naming convention of the log files -for both the web hits and FTP hits. Typically, shared hosting solutions place the log files under the same folder as the one your website's root is situated but as we had no plans on giving our clients access to these logs this was an unnecessary task so we left them collecting in the default folder.

Leaving the log files in the default folder meant downloading them was very simple, all I needed to do was point our download script at the main folder and that was it, all would be included, the catch however was that the folders weren't named logically* instead they seemed to include some form of ID that was relevant to and assigned by IIS i.e. W3SVC1.

*By this I mean human readable i.e. domainname.com

Until recently I've not worried about analysing the log files beyond one or two clients whom I could manage fairly easily but now with the inclusion of a host of other domains on the server I needed a way of quickly and easily identifying the folders and which domains they related to.

Historically when I needed to know which domain the log folder related to I would log onto the server, open IIS, open the properties of the domain, click on the log file properties and below the folder directory would be the folder name, that's fine if it's only a handful of domains but what when it's say 20? That's 2mins each (with cross referencing etc) so that's 40minutes. I needed an automated system!

As it turns out, Microsoft have been kind enough to provide us with an interface we can easily code against in .Net so after a little Google-ing I wrote a number of little helper applications.

This little console application simply loops through all the domain names on the server it's being run on (the default instance of IIS) and outputs the relevant log file and folder path into a handy text file. I'll post in another post about how I use this file.

For convenience's sake I have this run on a nightly basis and the text file output to the root of the log file directory, that way when I download the logs during the next day I get the latest update of log file locations and domain names :)

Download the IIS WWW and FTP log file location exporter.

1 Year Update: I've posted the source for the IIS WWW and FTP log file location exporter here.

Stacey and I were enjoying our last meal in Croatia last night when the subject of where we "go" next came up. I've never hidden the fact that I want to be wealthy, in fact I would imagine many who know me would go as far as it's what drives me. This is true in a sense however you will notice I used the word "wealthy" rather than "rich" or "loaded".

What many people seem to do is confuse what I mean when I say I want to get wealthy (or sometimes rich), I don't mean I want to have stacks of cash sitting in the bank or a huge number of shares under my belt, what I in fact mean is I want to enjoy myself, ok I need cash to do that but it's more important that I -and those around me- are happy.

Anyhow, I digress. As I was saying, Stacey and I were talking about how we were going to get our incomes to a level that would support the somewhat luxurious lifestyle we have imagined for ourselves when she said "The people with stacks of money have inherited it". This -in many cases- is true, people such as Paris Hilton for example haven't "done" anything to get the money, it has been -or will be- inherited.

That got me thinking, does that run true in today's society? Of course there are people who have inherited serious sums of cash but there are also a large number of self-made -and young- millionaires cropping up all over the place. A few that sprung to mind almost immediately are Bill Gates, Larry Page and Sergy Brin (the Google Guys), Richard Branson¹, Sir Alan Sugar, The Bechams, Duncan Bannatyne, Peter Jones² and more recently the plethora of web 2.0 start-ups that are getting sold off for millions.

¹ Ok, I know many say that he was given a pretty good start by his father but you still have to have something to make it work

² IIRC Peter Jones (from BBC's "Dragon Den"/ITV's "Tycoon") was also bankrupt a few years ago

So it got me wondering -disregarding those who were able to make a serious amount of money through "lucky breaks"³ in technology and successful "celebrities"- has the birth of the Internet made making large amounts money a whole lot more reachable?

³ Personally, I think it takes more than just being in the right place at the right time (which undoubtedly helps), I think you also need to be able to spot the opportunity and have what it takes to grasp that opportunity.

In a somewhat random chat with Chris Anderson today I decided that I wanted to obtain the IP address 80.08.13.55 (IP6) or even better 53.180.0.8 (both timeout atm). It got me wondering whether you can you purchase a specific IP like that and whether that could be the new trend...

Chris wantsfelt 7.107.73.45 was more appropriate for our American comrades but I think that’s a little boring...

For those of you who didn't make it to school, type it into your calculator without the periods and see what you get (note my primary school calculator example -I'm returning it to it's roots)...

See it yet?

No? Turn it the other way up:

I’ve been meaning to post about the use of AccessKeys on websites now for some time (I wrote the post but never completed the list at the end). Then, this morning I saw a post from Tony Crockford on the WAUK list along similar lines so thought it was time I got the post online :)

Just before Christmas, we were looking for a new house so I was spending an increased amount of time on Rightmove and it really started to bug me. I’m really pleased by the fact that they tried to make their site simpler to navigate by introducing AccessKeys to their pages but in my view they’re defeating the purpose of them by overriding browser shortcuts. In this case, the one I’m referring to is the use of Ctrl+K which I use a lot to access Firefox’s search bar.

Why oh why have they chosen to override this key combination, in IE it’s not too irritating as it doesn’t activate the link, in Firefox however it automatically loads the link, so I’m forever being sent back to the buying homepage.

I can understand that they want to make the key relevant, but what does “K” have to do with buying? I could understand if they were overriding “B” –and it wouldn’t bother me as it’s related, but K? I realise that it’s unpractical to avoid all shortcuts in all browsers but I would have thought they’d look into the main shortcuts first.

I had planned to compile a list of common shortcuts but I’ve not had time yet –another thing on the list ;). What’s interesting however is that since I wrote this post in January, they’ve replaced a couple of the shortcuts already –Buying is now “B”.

So what’s Tony Crockford got to do with this all? Well he referred the list to the WCAG Samurai’s point on AccessKeys which I think is a valid one:

So there you have it, just don’t ;) -I think that now there are so many different browsers out there it’s impossible to account for them all so it’s probably the best methodology.

I've been somewhat quiet on the blogging front recently as I have been training hard for the mammoth canoe race we're competing in at the end of this month. The Cheshire Ring Race for those of you who haven't been keeping up with the little news I've been posting recently is a 96 mile canoe race we're doing this year in aid of charity (if you've not already made your pledge, why not pop over to www.paddlathon.co.uk now and make a donation -we've got a fair way to go to our £2,000 target).

Last night I decided it was time I sat down and started planning the route for the drivers, which first meant plotting the route for the paddlers and oh my god is it a long way! Until now I've thought "100 miles, yeah that's not too bad, we'll do that in a few hours..." (ok the few was around 20 but still). Plotting it on the map however shows just how far this thing is!

Instead of feeling daunted by the distance, I'm now even more psyched than before -and have even more reason to hit the gym hard! If you're interested, I've uploaded the route plotted on Google Earth. Currently it only holds the point data but in time I'm going to expand it so it includes information about each route (for the paddlers and drivers) and perhaps once we've done the race, pictures of each point.

For those of you interested in how my canoe training routine is going -it's good. I'm holding a steady 12 st 6 lb at the moment -sometimes dropping to 122 st 4 lb and I've blown my previous routine out of the water. Sam and I -despite some misfortune with our kit- have been kicking ass on the past couple of races -taking around 10-15minutes off our times from last year. I'm hoping to complete The Cheshire Ring Race in less than 18 hours at this rate...

This has to be my laziest post yet, it's just a paste of the press release but I'm to excited at the thought of free beer to re-write it ;) -Hope to see you there, shout if you're going.

Chinwag Joins Forces With Top Software And Media Brands For Supersized Digital Networking Party

The UK digital media industry is gearing up for a soiree of grand proportions in July at Chinwag's Big Summer 07 networking party (http://bigsummer07.chinwag.com).

Giving the bash an extra boost - and supporting the inventive and fun entertainment programme, plus the lavish refreshments on site - are Chinwag's three party partners: Adobe (http://www.adobe.com/), Channel 4 (http://www.channel4.com/), and Purple (http://www.purple-consultancy.com/).

The free event, to be held at the historic Imperial College Union in Kensington, London, will be the largest-scale bash of its kind for people working in the digital sector, with the party encompassing 5 large rooms and the enclosed quadrangle, allowing a total capacity of 2,000 revellers at any one point in time.

Hosted by new media community Chinwag, it will to bring together professionals in web, mobile and other interactive media to make useful connections, celebrate the return of the new media sector as a sustainable growth industry, and mingle in style in the sunshine of a London summer's evening.

Dominic Eames, editor, Online, at Channel 4 New Media said: "Channel 4 is always open to new ideas from the New Media community and is delighted to support Chinwag in this event.

Toby Thwaites, managing director of Purple said: "Having worked with the team at Chinwag for a number of years I am delighted that Purple are able to support what will undoubtedly be the Digital event of the Summer"

Sam Michel, Chinwag MD and founder said: "This is a great opportunity for the new media industry to do some "First Life" networking. The UK scene is buzzing with life, and it's great to bring everyone together en masse."

"The party takes place on July 5. More details will be released in the forthcoming weeks with promotional activities, partnership with brands, and innovative use of social networking tools and technologies such as Facebook and Twitter included in the mix."

More information & registration: http://bigsummer07.chinwag.com

About Chinwag

Chinwag aims to be a connecting rod for ideas and talent across the new media industries. Having provided Internet-based community forums, websites, email newsletters and consultancy for the new media sector since 1996, its website (http://www.chinwag.com) will be re-launched in July, aggregating information for the digital industries and updating its community focus. In February 2007 the Chinwag Live events series (http://live.chinwag.com) was launched. Topical panel discussions founded to cast light on issues and trends affecting the new media industries, the monthly sessions have also gone on tour to Internet World and Ad:Tech.

In addition, Chinwag publishes Chinwag Jobs (http://jobs.chinwag.com), the leading recruitment website for online marketing, digital media, web, design and technical positions. It is used by the BBC, MySpace.com, Yahoo!, Amazon, Vodafone and the majority of recruitment agencies who place staff in the sector.

Chinwag - Connecting New Media People

Site: http://bigsummer07.chinwag.com

As part of my mini-series on Business start-up advice I posted a simple accounting database (see: Finances (VAT, Accountants etc)) but today I realised I had just uploaded the mdb which won't be served by IIS so I just wanted to let you know I've uploaded it as a zip (incase you were one of the people that tried to download it).

Example Microsoft Access Accounting Database (21KB)

I’ve done a number of posts now on Phil Whinstanley’s error reporting class and this blog appears to be getting a lot of hits because of that which is pretty neat, as a result I’ve had a couple of people write to me asking similar questions about the code so I thought it would be an idea to write a little summary.

Where can I download the code?

It would appear that most of the old copies of Phil’s code have disappeared from the web, I’m not sure why so I’ve uploaded the versions I’ve got below. For convenience I have compiled the code into DLL s for those that don’t know/want to do this and I’ve also included the Visual Studio solutions. I’m not sure if these are based on the original codebase but I don’t think I’ve made any major alterations to these versions:

• The original WebException v2 (62KB)
• WebException v4 ¹ (20KB)

¹ This is a version I was sent as his original including changes and example email was lost...

DLL s only:

• ASP.Net 1.1 DLL only (17KB)
• ASP.Net 2.0 DLL only (16KB)

If you have Visual Studio:

• ASP.Net 1.1 (Visual Studio 2003) version without DLL (24KB)
• ASP.Net 2.0 (Visual Studio 2005) version without DLL (26KB)
• ASP.Net 1.1 (Visual Studio 2003) version with DLL (131KB)
• ASP.Net 2.0 (Visual Studio 2005) version with DLL (59KB)

If you don’t have Visual Studio you can either download one of the above projects and delete the solution/project files or download the original WebException code. Ok, now you have the files :) - FWIW I can accept no responsibility for any of the files or the code, I just zipped them!

How to do I use the WebException class?

I’m now using a slightly modified version of the code to enable error reporting within AJAX (see: Reporting errors from AJAX using the WebException Class) which I’ll try and upload later but whichever version of the code you choose the use is pretty much the same.

Once you have referenced the DLL in your project (see: Importing/Referencing DLLs in Visual Studio) you will be able to use the WebException. As I’ve covered what you need to do to use the code from within an AJAX application in another post (see: Reporting errors from AJAX using the WebException Class) I’ll just cover how to use it to report global errors. To capture and respond to all application errors you will need to place this code within the global.asax, your project should automatically have one, if it doesn’t then you will need to add one.

Using the global.asax file, the first thing you need to do is add a reference to the DLL at the top of your code (this will allow you to call the methods and access the properties):

<% @ Import Namespace="ErrorReporting" %>

Next locate the Application_Error event handler, this is the method that handles all errors within the application (with exception of those thrown from within an AJAX application, read this post to report errors from within an AJAX application). Now replace your Application_Error and Application_PreRequestHandlerExecute handlers with (for more information on what I'm doing here see: ASP.Net WebException and Error Reporting useful code):

void Application_Error(object sender, EventArgs e)

{...}

{
    bool reportErrors = Convert.ToBoolean(System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["SendErrors"]);

    if (reportErrors)

    {...}

    {
        Exception currentError = Server.GetLastError();

        Deal with 404's

        #region Deal with 404's

        //Redirect the user to a friendly page
        if(CheckForErrorType(currentError, "FileNotFound"))
            RedirectToFriendlyUrl("");

        #endregion

        Deal with Spambots

        #region Deal with Spambots

        if (CheckForErrorType(currentError, "System.FormatException"))

        {...}

        {
            if (HttpContext.Current.Request.Form.Count > 0)

            {...}

            {
                foreach (string key in HttpContext.Current.Request.Form)

                {...}

                {
                    if (key.IndexOf("_VIEWSTATE") > 0 && HttpContext.Current.Request.Form[key].ToString().IndexOf("Content-Type") > 0)
                        return;
                }

            }

        }

        #endregion

        //Enable the trace for the duration of the error handling
        TraceContext t = HttpContext.Current.Trace;
        bool bCurrentState = t.IsEnabled;
        t.IsEnabled = true;

        Handle the Exception

        #region Handle the Exception

        ErrorHandling.WebException WE = new ErrorHandling.WebException();
        WE.CurrentException = Server.GetLastError();
        WE.MailFrom = "you@yourdomain.com";
        WE.MailTo = "you@yourdomain.com";
        WE.MailAdmin = "you@yourdomain.com";
        WE.Site = "Your Site's Name or URL";
        WE.SmtpServer = "localhost";
        WE.FloodCount = 10;
        WE.FloodMins = 5;

        #endregion

        Choose what you're interested in

        #region Choose what you're interested in

        WE.ReturnCache = true;
        WE.DrillDownInCache = true;
        WE.IncludeApplication = true;
        WE.IncludeBrowser = true;
        WE.IncludeEnvironmentVariables = true;
        WE.IncludeForm = true;
        WE.IncludeProcess = true;
        WE.IncludeQueryString = true;
        WE.IncludeRequestCookies = true;
        WE.IncludeRequestHeader = true;
        WE.IncludeResponseCookies = true;
        WE.IncludeServerVariables = true;
        WE.IncludeSession = true;
        WE.IncludeTrace = true;
        WE.IncludeVersions = true;
        WE.IncludeAuthentication = true;

        #endregion

        WE.Handle();

        //Return the trace to its original state
        t.IsEnabled = bCurrentState;

        //Redirect the user to a friendly page
        RedirectToFriendlyUrl("");
    }

}

protected void Application_PreRequestHandlerExecute(Object sender, EventArgs e)

{...}

{
    if (Context.Handler is IRequiresSessionState || Context.Handler is IReadOnlySessionState)
        ErrorReporting.SessionTracker.AddRequest("Pre Request Handler Execute", true, true, false);
}

private bool CheckForErrorType(Exception ex, string errorText)

{...}

{
    if (ex != null)

    {...}

    {
        //Check the exception
        if (ex.GetType().ToString().IndexOf(errorText) > 0)
            return true;
        else
            return CheckForErrorType(ex.InnerException, errorText);
    }

    else

    {...}

    {
        return false;
    }

}

private void RedirectToFriendlyUrl(string Url)

{...}

{
    if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(Url) && (Request.Url.Host.IndexOf("localhost") < 0))
        Response.Redirect(Url);
}

This will create a new instance of the WebException object, assign the various properties accordingly (you will need to configure these) and then finally handle the error.

That’s it! That’s all you really need to do to have super error reporting instantly installed in your application! If that wasn't enough it's overloaded with a couple of filters for you :). I recommend you read one of my previous posts I’ve added which overviews a few simple tips and tricks when using the WebException class to that improves on its functionality (see: ASP.Net WebException and Error Reporting useful code).

All that's left to do is to test it works (see below).

What should I get from it?

That’s the million dollar question! Once the WebException class has been added to your application you should receive an email every time the application throws an error (which of course means you’ll never get an email from the system!)

View an example of the email you’ll get with all outputs set to true.

More tips/Warnings!

Ok so it’s installed and you’re getting no errors through (because your codes perfect) but there are a couple of other little tweaks I would make to the WebException class to make it a little more useable.

Create a centralised class for it

A while ago I posted a set of “useful” tips for reducing the number of spambot related emails, redirecting the user etc (see: ASP.Net WebException and Error Reporting useful code). That’s fine until you start including the WebException class into multiple projects, managing tweaks to the codebase gets a little cumbersome (i.e. adding the spambot check to all our projects that use the WebException meant a couple of hours of copying and pasting). The work around for me was to wrap it all up into a central static method (see: Reporting errors from AJAX using the WebException Class). I did this rather than fiddling with Phil’s WebException class itself incase he ever got around to releasing another version which would mean a bunch of changes etc.

Limit the page request log

If you have a site where every user is likely to have a high page visit count with most of the pages involving some form of form submission then it may be worth limiting the number of request’s stored as we have found that without limiting these we start receiving very large emails (some topping 10MB).

The reason this is happening is because the session tracker logs all the form elements for the request so if you had i.e. a CMS that submits a page of content every other page request all that data will be stored in the tracker, sticking with the idea of a CMS , your typical text word is around 10bytes (see: How many bytes for...), so say the user writes 500 words per page (which isn’t really a lot) that’s 4.9Kb per form submission plus on the re-display of the page you've got ViewState... That’s just the data submitted by the user, around that, you’ve got all the form fields, field names, session info, query string etc, see how it starts to add up?

The solution is fairly straight forward, what you need to do is alter SessionTracker.cs¹:

¹I thought I'd done this in a project already but cannot find the source so this may not work.

public class SessionTracker

{...}

{
    public static void AddRequest(string Comments, bool DoForm, bool DoQueryString, bool DoCookies)

    {...}

    {
        Request R = new Request();
        R.Time = DateTime.Now;
        R.Comments = Comments;
        
        if (System.Web.HttpContext.Current != null)

        {...}

        {
            R.Path = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.Path.ToString();
            if (System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.UrlReferrer != null)

            {...}

            {
                R.Referrer = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.UrlReferrer.ToString();
            }

            if (DoForm)

            {...}

            {
                R.Form = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.Form;
            }

            if (DoQueryString)

            {...}

            {
                R.QueryString = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString;
            }

            if (DoCookies)

            {...}

            {
                R.Cookies = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.Cookies;
            }

        }

        if (System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Session["RequestCollection"] != null)

        {...}

        {
            RequestCollection RC = ((RequestCollection)System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Session["RequestCollection"]);
            RC.Add(R);
            if(RC.Count > 10)
                RC.RemoveAt(0);
            System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Session["RequestCollection"] = RC;
        }

        else

        {...}

        {
            RequestCollection RC = new RequestCollection();
            RC.Add(R);
            System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Session["RequestCollection"] = RC;
        }

    }

    public static void AddRequest(string Comments)

    {...}

    {
        Request R = new Request();
        R.Time = DateTime.Now;
        R.Comments = Comments;
        
        if (System.Web.HttpContext.Current != null)

        {...}

        {
            R.Path = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.Path.ToString();
            if (System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.UrlReferrer != null)

            {...}

            {
                R.Referrer = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.UrlReferrer.ToString();
            }

            R.Form = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.Form;
            R.QueryString = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString;
            R.Cookies = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.Cookies;
        }

        if (System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Session["RequestCollection"] != null)

        {...}

        {
            RequestCollection RC = ((RequestCollection)System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Session["RequestCollection"]);
            RC.Add(R);
            if (RC.Count > 10)
                RC.RemoveAt(0);
            System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Session["RequestCollection"] = RC;
        }

        else

        {...}

        {
            RequestCollection RC = new RequestCollection();
            RC.Add(R);
            System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Session["RequestCollection"] = RC;
        }

    }

    public static void AddRequest()

    {...}

    {
        Request R = new Request();
        R.Time = DateTime.Now;
        
        if (System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Session["RequestCollection"] == null)

        {...}

        {
            RequestCollection RC = ((RequestCollection)System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Session["RequestCollection"]);
            RC.Add(R);
            if (RC.Count > 10)
                RC.RemoveAt(0);
            System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Session["RequestCollection"] = RC;
        }

        else

        {...}

        {
            RequestCollection RC = new RequestCollection();
            RC.Add(R);
            System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Session["RequestCollection"] = RC;
        }

    }

    public SessionTracker()

    {...}

    {
    }

}

Outputting the Trace with the WebException Class

I know this is something I’ve posted about in the past but since moving to version 4 of the code and .Net 2.0 I was no longer getting the trace in my lovely error reports, after a little digging I’ve found a solution, in addition to the code that I posted earlier about enabling the trace using C#, the web.config needs to be set as follows:

< trace  enabled = " true "  requestLimit = " 100 "  pageOutput = " false "  traceMode = " SortByTime "  localOnly = " true " />

Storing the WebException code in App_Code Dir

If you use the WebException class in an ASP.Net 2.0 site, be careful you don’t do what we did and throw the site online uncompiled with a compilation error as it won’t get reported. Luckily I found this issue on a test site but it’s still worth noting.

Personally I wouldn’t put the error reporting code in the App_Code directory as this means you’ll end up needing to maintain a plethora of files throughout various projects. Instead compile a separate DLL and include that in your projects, then if like me you find a nice addition to the error reporting code you can easily update all sites to the latest version!

Setup a simple generic test page

Nothing fancy, just a button that throws an exception will do:

TestErrorPage.aspx

<% @ Page Language="C#" %>

<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<Script>

<script runat="server">
    protected void btnError_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

    {...}

    {
        throw new ArgumentException("Test Error");
    }

</script>

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
<head runat="server">
    <title>Test Error Page</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
    <div>
        <p><asp:Button runat="server" ID="btnError" Text="Throw Error" OnClick="btnError_Click" /></p>
    </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

Happy Error Reporting :) -I'm hoping this is the last time I need to blog about this code but what's the betting another post is around the corner ;)

I’m still somewhat shocked at how well the series on business start up advice was received, I was expecting one or two hits on it but so far I’ve had over 1,000 visits to the article which is pretty shocking as this blog in its entirety was only getting that a year(ish)! I’ve also had some fantastic feedback which is very touching so those of you who have got in touch thanks!

Ok, following the posting of my recent business start up advice mini series I was asked by a number of people to post it as a PDF which I’ve finally managed to do. It’s rather long I’m afraid weighing in at around 26 pages so it should keep you busy giving me time to write the additional articles!

Download the PDF version of the complete business start up advice article here (27 printed pages including a 1 page feedback form - 189KB).

What an awesome event, I was originally in two minds about going to the latest conference installment from Phil Winstanley, Dave Sussman (and all the other dedicated people involved with the other DDD events) but boy am I glad I went.

This time I decided to take it to the next level and rather than driving down and back on the day I’d drive down the night before with Stacey and stay over in a local hotel. This worked really well, not only did it mean I was awake for all of the seminars but I could get some work down the next day too ;)

Anyhow, back to the day, for once I had the foresight to choose the seminars I was going to attend before I arrived and decided not to attend all of Scott Guthrie’s talks mainly because of the following I knew he’d have but also because of the great alternatives available so here’s my breakdown of who I went to see and what I thought of their talk:

Microformats - HTML to API (Glenn Jones)

Read Glenn Jones' blog post about the day

GlenN Jones (not Glen Jones as was listed in the schedule ;)) presented a very interesting talk on microformats, it’s not quite what I first thought it was (for some reason I thought it was some form of HTML applets but lets not go there!). Microformats are certainly something I’m going to look into in the future but as Julian Voelcker has pointed out quite how practical they are to use in a CMS situation I’m not sure.

I think from an SEO point of view and also from an information sharing POV they’re very interesting and I’ll certainly be integrating them into various sites for testing purposes sooner rather than later (in fact if you check out my about me page they’ll be there with the new update coming soon … now I just need to re-work my tag output* using IISMods' URLRewrite).

*Glenn pointed out that  when using the rel=”tag” attribute the last “word” in the associated URL should be the tag itself -something I didn’t know but will be sorted as atm it’s along the lines of “CategoryView,category,Business,Business%20Start-up%20Advice.aspx” etc which isn’t very useful.

I think in principle microformats are a good idea for something like a blog or a semi-static site where the developer (or someone with knowledge of microformats) has control over the content but how you could role them out in a client managed site is a little more complicated and something that will need some more thought -do you offer buttons to insert the code markup for them? Can you offer nested content easily etc.

The other thing about them I’m not too sure about is (miss)use of the abbr tag -again that was only something I picked up in the talk so may have missed the point, I’ll need to look into it further.

Either way it was an interesting insight into a new concept that I’m going to support if I can :). Check out the main microformats site at: www.microformats.org

Glenn Jones is also the developer behind the back network site that was used to link all the delegates together, it’s an interesting concept that once again promotes a social network on the internet which is all the rage at the moment but also allows you to interact with other delegates before the event -this is something I’d have done had I had more time before the event!

Download the slides to the Microformats - HTML to API talk by Glenn Jones

Web Accessibility: What, Why, How, and Who Cares? (Bruce Lawson)

Read Bruce Lawson's blog post about the day

Making web sites accessible is something I’ve been interested in pretty much since I got involved with ASP.Net 1.1 and I get endlessly tired of hearing fellow ASP.Net developers complain that you can’t make web sites accessible using the ASP.Net platform -balls can’t you, ok it’s not something that comes out of the box and at times is a little awkward but a lot of it is just common sense and consideration.

Bruce Lawson’s talk was a breath of fresh air, it was great to see someone having the courage that I’m yet to muster (well, more the time but hey) to convince my fellow developers to make their sites accessible.

Why the hell shouldn’t your site be accessible to all? It’s not all about money, in my mind it’s just about being fair to others -following (as ever) Google’s moto of don’t be evil. I liked Bruce’s method of presentation as it was far more personal than the usual “you should care because it’s the law” or “you should care because you’re missing out on a ton of money”, when asking the question “who cares?” -using his words not mine- he said “rather than quoting facts and figures at you trying to convince you, -my mate Theresa does”. I think this in itself was a different method of engaging the audience and I certainly felt it worked.

The talk wasn’t particularly in depth (which baring in mind the audience I expected) but I felt it was enough to plant the seed of interest with those that weren’t otherwise that aware or interested about accessibility. I hope that they’ll now actively encourage fellow developers to take action -not necessarily by redeveloping their past sites as many clients can’t afford this, but by giving some consideration to accessibility in future designs -i.e. DON’T use buttons for menu systems!

I can’t hand on heart say all our sites are overly accessible but I’m learning and I feel each new site we’re involved in is that little bit more accessible. Bruce did share a very useful site called “Blind Webbers” where you can get in contact with screen reader users -I’ll certainly be checking that out with the new design for The Site Doctor, for others interested Bruce sent me the link: http://www.webaim.org/discussion/mail_message.php?id=9019. I’m thinking I’ll see what they think of Miss Mays adult store -could be a good introduction!!

The point that made me laugh the most was his demonstration of using “Click Here” as link text, his demo was simple but effective -you can check it out on his site: http://www.brucelawson.co.uk/index.php/2007/webdd-conference-slides-and-questions

One thing I do need to think about is the order of elements on the page, i.e. at present this blog layout has the menu appearing before the content -mainly because that was the quickest way I could get the layout sorted, but I think I need to re-order it so the menu comes last -that said I do have a “Skip to content” link at the top -how effective it is I’ll let you know. Another thing I also want to pass by Bruce is image replacement techniques as I’ve tried a few now and I’d be interested to see how they perform on screen readers and the like.

Download the slides for the Web Accessibility: What, Why, How, and Who Cares? talk by Bruce Lawson

Quick and dirty Usability tests - one week, no budget, and no usability facility (Zhivko Dimitrov)

Read Zhivko Dimitrov's blog post about the day

Again, interested in making my sites as user friendly as possible I thought that this would be an interesting talk but it wasn’t quite as it was portrayed -instead he went into how they perform remote usability tests with a budget. None the less it was a fairly interesting talk.

Zhivko is from Telerik and clearly has a fair amount of experience in usability testing, I was hoping he’d have some good ideas on how to offer usability testing on no budget but sadly he didn’t. There were a couple of interesting points raised however that I don’t think I would have thought of -firstly the re-use of testers, if you use a tester more than twice within a year they’ll start to know what you want them to say rather than what’s there. The other point raised was if you’re using remote testing, you loose the non-vocal indicators of frustration such as a furrowed brow or someone scratching their head.

Zhivko’s opening demo however was a recording of a guy trying to find a grid component on their competitors site, despite the fact they spent a fair amount of time laughing at the guy in the background I thought this was a great example of a poorly designed site and how important it is to highlight your site’s calls-to-action which is something that I’ll have to remember while optimizing our newest SEO client for online poker The Rivercard -one of the issues we have already highlighted is that many of their download links are below the fold of the screen which reduces the chance the user will click the link.

Download the slides from the Quick and dirty Usability tests - one week, no budget, and no usability facility talk by Zhivko Dimitrov

Connecting Design to Real Business Value (Brandon Schauer)

Visit Brandon Schauer's blog

As with Zhivko’s talk, this was another talk that wasn’t quite as it was portrayed by the title, but I was pleasantly surprised by the content. Brandon Schauer’s talk was more about business modeling and how analyzing the current business method can be improved with a little thinking (and design) -ok that’s obvious ;) but his methods were nice.

I found the talk incredibly interesting -especially following my mini-series on business start-up advice, I thought this was a really well timed and interesting talk. Some of the ideas he offered were simple and to the point so you can apply them to any business, the issue I have with it though is whether I can apply it to any of my clients -I’d love to take the time to go through Miss Mays adult store and help them improve some of their business processes but they don’t have the money to invest and sadly neither do I.

I do however think that I can apply some of the concepts he was talking about to an example business which in turn could then be a starting point to discuss business improvement with clients. This however will take a little time and I think Stacey will need to be involved as this is what she’s primarily trained in. Although I love developing and I don’t think I’ll ever get away from it (certainly not in the foreseeable future anyways) I am getting more and more interested in business analysis, it’s not something that I’ve really got any experience in yet (having only been in business for a few years) but perhaps one day it’s an alternative career path I can choose…

Either way, Brandon’s talk was well worth seeing and if he’s ever at a future conference I attend I’ll certainly make the effort to see him talk.

Download the slids from the Connecting Design to Real Business Value talk by Brandon Schauer

WPF/E (Scott Guthrie)

Visit Scott Guthrie's blog

For the final talk I decided to watch Scott Guthrie’s talk about WPF/E and boy what a talk it was! I almost didn’t get in as we were hearded in like cows (which was most amusing I have to be honest), the woman stopped me right on the entrance -I think much to Julian Voelcker’s delight as he’d managed to get a seat. Luckily though the women on the doors (yes women -not burly bouncers!) took pity on us poor, desperate geeks in admiration of some Yank they didn’t know and let us line the sides of the auditorium -which meant I ended up getting a front row (floor) seat.

The talk was one of those “look at what’s coming” type talks but with a twist, it was something that I can see being of real use -and more than that gave you the urge to try it out. WPF/E looks like a really exciting new technology -even if Julian does think it’s just the same as Flash. As I don’t particularly like flash I think this will be a nice introduction to our development arsenal. That and the possibilities are far greater than those offered by Flash -especially where data interaction is involved.

Scott Guthrie did show an impressive demo of WPF/E which can be seen at www.vista.si -it’s one of those “wow, I can’t believe I’m seeing what I’m seeing” moments, the site is basically a replica (working replica) of Windows Vista -but on the web. It even works with Firefox!

The interesting point that I picked up on is their method of rolling out the WPF/E platform to users, rather than offering the usual Windows Update installer, it sounds as though it’s all going to be done in the same way the flash play is -a small (1.1MB IIRC) file will be downloaded the first time you visit a site that requires WPF/E and that’s it!

I do have concerns over the accessibility of WPF/E but Scott Guthrie did assure us that later versions of WPF/E will be made more accessible. At the end of the day however, I guess it’s just the same situation as entirely flash sites -those that want to offer them, have to offer an accessible alternative (and as Bruce Lawson pointed out -NO, IT DOESN’T HAVE TO BE UGLY!).

It was also nice to see Scott Guthrie talk as there are so many blog posts around the net talking about how they saw him, now I can say that I’ve seen him talk -somewhat sad but hey!

The slides aren’t yet online but I’m sure Scott Guthrie will upload them to the Scott Guthrie's presentations page soon enough!

In summary

I always take a conference as a whole -there’s always going to be at least one talk which isn’t quite what you expected, if you can come away with at least one nugget of information that you didn’t have before -or- with a little of that zest for doing what you do back again it was well worth attending. In this case I got a real buzz out of most of the talks and have plenty of things to try out -now I just need to find the time!

And if all that wasn’t enough to get your juices going and wanting to do some more development, I (I think for the first time ever) won something in the raffle -I was in the queue hoping for the book on accessibility by Bruce Lawson but actually won a years subscription to ComponentArt’s Web.UI component set -I’m well chuffed at that, now I just need to find somewhere to use them!! Oh, I shouldn't forget the free copy of Microsoft Expression Web we were given, and the T-Shirts and, and... :D

I did get to meet up with a few people off the MsWebDev list but sadly not all -Mickey, I’ll have to say hi next time. The one thing that did amaze me was how long the lunch was, I don’t recall any of the DDD events being that long.

If you went and you’ve not already done so, you should go and leave feedback on the event -it’s the only way they can improve it ;) so go leave your feedback on WebDD (http://webdd.co.uk/Feedback.aspx). Apparently you can also review it on the back network site (http://webdd.backnetwork.com/reviews/editreview.aspx

If you missed out on WebDD 1, hopefully there’ll be a WebDD 2, I’ll post any news I have as soon as I have it -for my one blog reader that is :)

Billing

This is something that we’re in the process of re-working as we have a variety of billing periods ranging from ad-hoc to annual. This is fine as long as you have some method of determining which method a client requires.

Stacey has devised a very good suggestion that should also avoid any complications with large annual invoices:

• £0 - £300: Invoice Annually
• £300 - £600: Invoice Bi-Annually
• £600+: Invoice Monthly (£50+pm)

There are a few reasons I like this method:

1. You won’t upset your client by sending them a £500 invoice they’d forgotten about
2. It keeps you in contact with larger payers more frequently
3. For the larger invoices it reduces the impact to you if the client chooses not to pay
4. £50pm+ is sufficient an amount to justify the 10 minutes admin a month

Payment periods are important, make sure every invoice has a payment period on it but don’t expect your clients to adhere to it. You’ll learn what each particular client is like at paying as you build your client base but many will wait until the last payment date to pay, if at all until you start to bug them (see: Processes and Procedures about having a dedicated admin day). Having a shorter payment period (or “Payment Required on Receipt”) will allow you to start chasing the client sooner.

What should your invoice look like?

There are a lot of example invoices on Microsoft’s Template website [http://office.microsoft.com/templates/] but it’s simple, keep them simple (this is a nice example: Services invoice with hours and rate) and only contain the information you need. Have your designer design you a nice letterhead that you can use with your invoices, not only does it look more professional but it ensures your main contact details are contained on the invoice, if your letterhead is a little different you never know, they may pay it faster as it catches their eye!

Again it depends on your particular line of business but I would suggest you have the following information on it at the minimum:

• If the invoice isn't on your letterhead paper then make sure your address is shown
• Their address –and if it’s a corporate client include a contact’s name to ensure it lands on the correct desk
• An invoice reference (an auto-number should suffice but you could prefix this if you like)
• If you have it, the purchase order number
• The date your invoice was issued
• The payment due date
• A summary of the items included on the invoice including:
  • An SKU (if relevant) i.e. 1HOURDEV for 1 hour of development work
  • A narrative (description) of the item
  • Unit cost of the item
  • Quantity of the item
  • Line total
• Total amounts –if you’re VAT registered, include the amount with VAT, without VAT and the VAT itself
• Your payment terms (i.e. all invoices must be paid within 14 days)
• You payment details –sounds crazy but I see so many invoices without bank details or even information on who to make the cheque out to anywhere. It’s so simple to place this information on the bottom of the invoice, why make it harder than it needs to be for your client to pay you? If it’s not there, they need to make contact with you (if you’re around), you then need to look up that information, they then… ok you get the idea ;)

It’s obviously optional and up to you but I think it’s nice touch to thank the client for their business on or with i.e. on a complimentary slip the invoice (see: Client and Supplier Relations) –yes, I love my clients!

Accounting

I’m not an accountant myself but my (far) better half Stacey is a chartered management accountant with CIMA (an alternative to ACCA) and I ran this past her as I had concerns with it. Her response was rather than obtaining (expensive) textbooks that you’re unlikely to understand (I’ve seen them, I can understand them but they’re somewhat boring) the best thing you can do is read through the documentation from the Inland Revenue –mainly because as soon as that textbook is printed it’s out of date which can (obviously) have massive re-processions for you!

There are many different accounting bodies and they all have their own specialities. It’s important to understand that a Chartered Management Accountant can’t necessarily help you with your tax return, in the same way a taxation specialist can’t necessarily help you with profitability analysis (whereas a Management Accountant can). One amusing ditty about Chartered Accountants (and I expect this covers other industries with multiple bodies) is that they all feel their chartering body is the most superior whereas they’re probably all much the same.

It’s important to remember that it’s the same as your industry, it’s great that the client knows what you’re talking about but it’s highly unlikely they know as much as you.

Again from Stacey, any accountant worth their money will save you more than they cost you, as with many things in business –recommendation is key, ask around friends and family or fellow businesses to find a reputable accountant and if at all possible get a few references.

There are many accounting bodies out there (CIMA, ACCA, CIPFA to mention a few) but make sure when choosing your accountant that they are chartered in some way or another as this means they’re more likely to be up-to-date with their knowledge and to some extent being regulated. When you’re setting out, you should be able to have all your books done for under £500pa comfortably.

VAT

Should you go VAT registered or not?

When setting up The Site Doctor, I chose not to go VAT registered on the basis that the majority of our start-up contracts would be non-VAT registered companies. As it turns out I was wrong as every man and his dog these days is VAT registered but more than that I feel that many businesses perceive non-VAT reg'd companies more fly-by-night.

Most people (especially in business) expect companies to be VAT registered so it hasn't affected potential contracts and we have the added advantage that we can claim money back ;). Sadly, the only people that suffer are non-registered people and at the end of the day they're unlikely to have the money to justify you not going VAT registered.

One thing to note if you’re setting up as a team is there is a limit on the turnover of the company at which point you are forced to be registered, this year (06/07) the limit was around £65k (refer to the Inland Revenue’s website [http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/]) so if there’s 3 of you in the team and you hope to take home £20kpa you’ll need to go registered straight away.

You don’t need to be over the threshold to be registered as you can voluntarily register before you reach this threshold. There are a couple of benefits to voluntary registration that come to mind:

• The perception of your company’s earnings is increased. When not registered, your clients will know you have a turnover lower than the current threshold. This is not a good start when approaching clients with a proposal near over this threshold.
• By charging input tax to your clients, you can claim some money back, virtually ever purchase you make has VAT added to it which you can offset on your charges.

One flipside however is the additional administration work.

Once VAT registered

Yes, a great tip and this is so easy to do if you've got access to internet banking through your bank, it also means you have a nice nest egg at the end of each year as Sean said -I did the same with my personal tax before going VAT registered.

In the case of LloydsTSB they allow you to manage both accounts within the single login which makes it even easier, if you want to be really prepared, just halve each invoice, put one half in your savings account to cover VAT and Taxes etc and the other half is what you take home.

Having a little money totting up on the side in this way allows you to have either: A nice little Christmas bonus (by this time you should know what your tax bill is going to be and you’ll have a reasonable idea of your Quarter 3 VAT return) -or- A tidy sum to invest into the business someway :)

We recently registered for VAT and the official stance on claiming VAT back was:

3 years on goods (hardware etc) as long as on the day of incorporation you still have the item, receipt and you've not sold it on.

6 months of services (hosting, domains etc) as long as you have the paperwork.

I was told that the Inland Revenue think nothing of start-ups and businesses in the IT sector to have a very low (or credit) first return (and if you're going registered from day one then the first few returns) due to the cost of setting up.

For the latest up-to-date information check out the Inland Revenue’s website: http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/

I couldn’t agree more, when you’re small, set aside a day a week to input your expenses into a database and as long as you’ve got your invoice lists to hand totalling up your income isn’t hard, the form’s dead simple (see photo) so there’s no need to worry about that. I’ve even uploaded the MDB that we’re currently using as a stand-in while our accounting system is finalised.

While on the subject, in-house system development –choose it carefully, weigh up the costs of doing it yourself against buying an off-the-shelf solution. As a developer it’s all to easy to say “I’ll do it myself and save a few quid” –it’s not always the case, I’m only having ours custom built so I can tie it in with other areas of the business.

Example Microsoft Access Accounting Database (21KB)

Banking

Whatever you do, make sure you have a separate business account, it portrays a more professional image for your company (payments to your company will be addressed to your company name rather than your personal name).

Keeping up a pension is important, talk to your accountant about the options available to you. It’s also worth considering alternative pensions such as property investment. I know a few business owners that own the property the business operates within.

That’s a fine tip, using a personal account for your company savings can indeed earn you an extra 3-4%pa which soon adds up. Make sure however it’s a separate personal account that you don’t tap into and don’t top-up with personal funds. That way you’ll make life a whole lot easier when calculating the business’ income from interest.

LloydsTSB also offer an e-banking option which is exactly the same as all other accounts except electronic payments (debit cards, e-pay etc) are free, paying in cheques however still costs (and a little more IIRC). It’s a good account to have if you’re web savy and can do the majority of your banking online.

Good point, the banks love you when you’re doing well however expect to be charged for your overdraft –many banks now charge a (reoccurring) annual charge of £50-100 for your overdraft facility, it may be a better (and cheaper) option to loan the business from your credit card if needed –taking advantage of the 0% period etc.

Day-day running

Evaluating when it’s best to do something in-house and when to outsource it is invaluable -especially in the case of a developer, the temptation to develop all your internal applications is great. Sometimes it’s better to outlay £500 rather than spending many hours not getting paid by clients.

If you’re starting up with more than one person, having some form of blog is a useful method of conveying this information as it means people can easily subscribe to the RSS feeds and keep up-to-date with the latest information with minimum effort. If you use blog software such as DasBlog [www.dasblog.net] you are also able to have different authors on one portal.

While on the subject of blogs, I would recommend setting up a company blog, or at least a personal blog with plenty of references to your main website. These back links will increase your visibility and hence ranking on Google but it will also increase your company’s profile.

I would advise reading my other posts [The Scourge of Google and Public Facing Blogs and Blogging And Competition] which overviews what I see as the pros and cons of blogging. As you’re here reading this, it’s evidence enough as to why you should blog IMHO.

Processes and procedures

Depending on your background, you may not be too interested in the management side of business but it is very important to have a number of management processes in place, you won’t necessarily be able to set these up before you start but as you learn your business, get them in place ASAP.

What sort of processes am I referring to?

• Have a client sign an agreement that outlines the responsibilities of both parties (what you’re going to do for them and what they’re going to do in return –e.g. pay) before you start work for them. Make sure you’re as clear as possible so you can charge for additional services without the client quarrelling with you.
• Depending on the size of the company have the client provide you with a purchase order number. It’s best you ask whatever size the company is as it portrays the image that you’re dealing with larger organisations but the worst they can do is ask you what you mean. A purchase order number is basically a reference in the clients purchase database letting their accounting department know your invoice is on the way in. In many situations it also speeds up payment. When dealing with larger invoices it’s a must because it’s the loosest form of guarantee the person you’re dealing with has informed their accounts department and had the amount authorised.
• After you’ve had a meeting with a client follow it up a few days later with an email/phone call thanking them for their time, make it relevant to the meeting if you can and word it so it requires some form of response from the client. Making this post-meeting contact can be the difference between getting the work and not –in the same way making contact with a recruiting company after your interview thanking them for their time can make the final decision sway your way.
• Have a dedicated admin day. Initially this can be something you do once a month but as your business grows you’ll most likely need to increase this to once a week, as outlined in my previous blog post about setting your rates [Pricing your work] you’ll probably find around two days a week are taken up with adminy type work. People are forever moaning about how boring doing a years accounts is however, if you do break it down to say 2-3hours a week it’s a lot easier It’s important to remain strict with yourself as there’s always something more interesting available ;).
• Invoice regularly! Sounds obvious but it’s important. Depending on your business model, I would recommend setting a day aside every month which is solely for invoicing. I’m not just talking about sending out invoicing, I also mean chasing invoices as you’re bound to have plenty of clients who will delay paying until you really bug them!
• Log payments and receipts –this should be part of your admin day but it’s worth mentioning again. If you log all your receipts and any payments on a weekly basis it should dramatically save that end of year rush trying to find all your receipts for the accountant, if you do it really well it should also save you a few quid!

Team structure

Having someone who’s able to carefully put people in their place and ensure the company is moving in the right direction is important, it’s even more important when friendships are involved. If one of you can’t cut the niceties and point out the obvious you’re more likely to fail from the start.

Having someone who is presentable and can communicate well is intrinsic to getting new business, everyone operates differently but if your new client can’t relate to your representative you’re unlikely to retain them for very long. As James said, if you can’t at the same time tell them to cough up, you’ll probably find yourself with a very low cash flow very quickly.

Getting Employees

This is something that I’m approaching at the moment, so it’s probably best to add in an article later however there is a very good series of articles on Joel on Software [www.joelonsoftware.com] about Finding Great Developers which is a good start [http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/FindingGreatDevelopers.html].

The hardest thing you’ll face (if you’re anything like me that is) is loosening that tight grip you’ve got on your business. It’s taken me 3 years but I’m finally allowing Stacey to take over some of the admin work for The Site Doctor in an effort to lighten my work-load (admittedly I should be blogging less too but hey). Accepting that other people work in different ways is a surprisingly hard thing to accept when it’s your own business. I’ve already accepted that if I want my business to grow, I’ll have to put up with someone else’s coding style until we’ve found common ground.

One final point I’ll make here though is (again depending on your business model) you will need to get employees at some point so make some form of provision for them. If you don’t get an employee and try to do all the work yourself forever your business is capped and you’ll more than likely burn out. Someone once told me the perfect business is one that can easily be converted into a franchise.

Business Management

Well put, you need to be able to fall off your bike and get back on again so to speak, you will make mistakes and if you don’t I doubt you’re taking enough risks and so will just end up ticking over, there’s nothing wrong with making mistakes as long as you can learn from them and move on. Listen to your gut instinct and as soon as it turns sour pull out!

Taking an all -or- nothing approach to things, giving it everything you can/need to until the point that your instinct says enough and then cut it off straight away is important.

Be careful, but don’t let your project or company suffer as a result of being prudent. If you’re going to talk to someone that’s in the position to do what you’re proposing (i.e. they have the skills or can buy them) at the very least have them sign an non-disclosure agreement to give you a little backup. If you’re really worried, prepare your material so it gives them the minimum amount of information required for their input and explain your reasons for doing so.

Either way, if you ever discuss a project with someone else (even internal employees) there’s a chance it’ll get stolen. The best advice here is learn from it and move on. If you want to pursue the matter in the courts weigh up whether it will be at the cost of the detriment of your company and/or image.

When I first set out, I had to take a client to court and cutting a long story short settled out of court because I calculated the rest of the time I would spend preparing for court would cost me more than I would be awarded. It’s also worth noting that if the amount is below a threshold (IIRC £5000) you can go through the Small Claims courts which saves you a lot of expense and agro.

Action pack or Empower

When you set out, cutting costs is crucial to your long-term success so working from home is an ideal solution, but is it really a good idea? What will happen when a client wants to meet? Will I ever be able to leave work?

Your working environment

Firstly, make sure your office space is as dedicated an office space as possible, I know it’s difficult to spare the space when you live in a 1bed apartment but at least have a desk that allows you to fold away your papers safely. This is doubly as important if you’ve got kids or a loved one as that will take away the opportunity for them to “accidentally” spill a mug of coffee over your latest proposal.

If at all possible, dedicate an entire room –or even a floor if you can spare it to the business, there are a couple of reasons for this, the first is that you’ll be able to rent it to the business and then offset that expense on your tax return, another and I feel more important reason is that you’re able to get into another frame of mind when entering that space. I have an office at the rear of our property which is completely separated from the house with the exception of a small tea hatch. I’ve always felt that this has allowed me to semi-detach* work from home even though they’re within the same boundaries. Where at all possible I avoid mixing the two to re-enforce the segmentation.

*You’ll never really be able to detach from your business –it’s part and parcel of running your own business I’m afraid.

Depending on your personal mentality, having some form of dress code can also help you segment home from work, if you’ve already got a suit from a previous role, why not wear that while at work, then when you get home in the evening change into your home clothes. This may seem wacky but you’re not doing it for others, more so you can mentally detach from work. At the end of the day, you’re working from home so you can wear what you like and the likelihood is no-one will know*.

*I was told an “interesting” fact the other day, apparently it’s been estimated that somewhere in the region of 30% of home-workers work naked. It’s a disturbing thought –especially when you’re on the phone to someone you know works alone. Luckily I can reassure you that I’m not in that 30%. Yet.

Have a routine

Have a routine –this is very important, in the same way you would if you were working for someone else, make sure you’re in work for a given time and stick to it. Luckily, my better half Stacey has a full-time job which means she is up at 0630 every day for work as it is, I’ve forced myself to get up with her and get into the office ASAP which has worked well. It doesn’t matter whether your routine is 0900-1700 or 1700-0900, as long as you stick to it you’ll avoid countless duvet days –remember, when you’re not working, the likelihood is you’re not earning*!

*Again, this depends on your business model!

It is also worth setting yourself a finish time as part of your routine, you’re likely to work over a lot of the time but actually having a time to stop and get your coat gives you a deadline to work towards. There is a great article from Ryan Carson on A List Apart about working 4 days a week [The Four-Day Week Challenge], I think it’s a great idea and one that really is achievable but I agree with him, it's worth accepting that there'll never be enough time to finish everything.

Being the only person in the office I didn’t overly want to leave the office to itself and not having anyone to spend that extra day with (Stacey’s at work), I’ve chosen to make this change in stages. At the moment I’m following Google’s example of 20% time. 20% time is something that Larry and Page adopted from academia but in short, everyone is allowed to dedicate 20% of their working week to something that isn’t part of their day-job. This may be something they’re interested in developing for personal reasons or just an idea that you could profit from.

I’ve found this to be very beneficial to my working week especially when I’m in the middle of a large project, it gives you a little breathing space which in the past has allowed me to work out issues that had me banging my head against the wall. It also makes the weekend feel longer so you can relax more and prepare for the week ahead.

I like this 20% time concept (or as I call it “Fun Fridays”) not only because I'm able to step back from any on-going projects and relax a little more during the weekend (even when working on the weekends) but also because of where it takes me. For instance, a couple of Fridays ago I came up with the idea of writing a “Suggestion Box” -a simple Web User Control that can be added to any future project, it allows the user of the site (usually an admin user I would think) to suggest additions/alterations to the application. The suggestions are then stored in a central database for me to review later. The users can also rate other suggestions (using a little AJAX rating system ;)) so the managers are able to see the most popular ideas and gauge which are worth adding to the system. The plan is to review the (user) based suggestions with the management on a regular basis (even if it's just over email) and generate more work that we wouldn't have otherwise had. Although I identified the idea during the normal working week, had I not had “Fun Fridays” it would still just be an idea.

Having a routine for starting and finishing your day will allow your mind to be in the right frameset and again add another level of segmentation of home and work life. Being able to turn off at a given time and feel that you’re able to relax in the evening is very important.

Won't my clients mind?

In a word: No. I wouldn’t worry too much on having clients come to your house for meetings as depending on your business, I expect you’ll find that the majority of your client face to face meetings will be on site but for those that aren’t, why not check out the local hotels, pubs and coffee houses for a suitable meeting place. Find a couple of options and check them out at various times of the day and week so you know what to expect. Are they quiet? Are the tables big enough? Does it portray the right image for my company?

Many local hotels now offer conference and meeting rooms that include facilities like internet access, tea/coffee and other amenities but they’re at a cost. Alternatively your local Chamber of Commerce is likely to offer the same forms of facility if needed.

Asides from the work/home segmentation, one downside to working from home is that you will get rather cut off from the outside world. This is fine if you have the need for many client meetings or on-site consultancies but can be tough if not. You can easily remedy this by finding your local coffee shop, gym or pub and take a little time each day/week to get out of the office.

There is a new form of business establishing itself at the moment which offers dedicated office space on a monthly retainer so if you choose to work from home for the majority of the month but would still like to retain a little face-to-face contact with the outside world you could check out the serviced offices. Another advantage of having these offices will also mean you meet other businesses.

Telephony

I’ve been working out of an office at the back of the house for 3 years now and it’s the same telephone line, friends and family know this so when they call and I don’t answer, the “Welcome to The Site Doctor” answer machine message doesn’t worry them. I’ve not had any issues with this, the only thing I would recommend is you have Caller Id added and if you can’t remember telephone numbers get a phone/display that has a memory for you, that way you can easily ignore business calls out of hours if you so wish.

Remember that when starting out, it’s important to keep costs as low as possible and although having dedicated office lines is nice, it can also be expensive. Skype is a cheap VOIP solution however I’ve had issues with it’s reliability for Skype-Skype calls in the past so can’t personally recommend it.

At the very least I would recommend it’s worth writing a SWOT analysis, this will give you focus and allow you to visualise your Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats more clearly and perhaps spot something that’ll be crucial to your success or failure. Depending on how fast paced your industry is, it’s always worth re-evaluating the SWOT analysis every now and again.

Once you’ve written your SWOT analysis, show your friends, family and colleagues and see if they can add to it at all. Don’t worry if they criticise it, if you can’t justify or argue your point, perhaps it needs a little more thought.

Defiantly, when setting out less is more. It’s easy to setup i.e. a web development business for only a few hundred pounds but by having lower overheads, it will mean as you earn off your first few jobs, you’ll have more to invest in the company.

What benefit is there to your company if you go out and get the best PC, the biggest office with a couple of secretaries and some flash car? In reality you’re more likely to struggle as you’ll be setting off on the back foot. Make sure you carefully weigh up any purchases, perhaps by categorising them into i.e.:

• Need
• Would improve work capacity
• Would like, could perhaps improve work capacity
• Would like but wouldn’t improve work capacity
• Don’t need but look, it’s cool!

If you’ve got investment for the company and can afford to buy all the cool kit from the offset, great but it may be a better idea to keep that for a rainy day. Although I’ve got no proof I’ve always felt that had I not had to earn every penny we had to spend as a business I would have been far more complacent and so lazy and the business wouldn’t be where it is today. Along the same line of thought, I sometimes wonder if I could have done anything differently/better if I did have money to invest at the start and whether it would have got The Site Doctor any further.

This is a very good point, it would be worth noting this down in your targets and goals list [Targets and Goals] as it will give you something to focus on. Think of all expenditures on an annual basis, then when you have the annual expenditure you can work it out on a average number of jobs and/or a monthly figure making it feel more achievable.

Targets and Goals

Personally I can't stress how important targets are enough. Have a set of personal targets as well as business goals -NOT "Make loads of money". The targets should be SMART* (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely), write your targets and goals down somewhere as it commits you, you don't need to read them again just as long as they're there.

*Thanks for the acronym Stacey!

When setting out I had a few:

1. Turnover £500pm for the first 12months (then rising in year two)
2. Pay off all and any accumulated debts that we had (credit cards etc)
3. Go on holiday once a year
4. Be able to buy and afford to run an RX-8 (long story)

Tick them off as you go and add more as needed, they'll give you focus and drive. I would recommend having a selection of goals including something that would appear to be unrealistic as it will give you something to really strive for. It's also worth telling other people about your goals as in an odd way, it commits you to the goals.

A new one on me that I’ll be reading up on tonight! Guanxi [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanxi]

At the end of the day, a business plan should enable you to visualise your goals as a business which in turn will allow you to focus your efforts. Don’t panic about not achieving everything at once, prioritise and attack one thing at a time.

Setting your rates

Firstly check out my previous post about how I suggest you go about set your rates [Pricing your work] as it has a great way to quantify your rates with meaning that’s also scaleable.

I agree and this is something that I’ve only come to appreciate relatively recently. When setting out I decided that the first few jobs would be relatively in-expensive to build on our portfolio, this was a real Catch-22 as I felt compelled to deliver amazing results for next to no reward. This temptation is great when you start out. You end up becoming a busy fool, working all the hours given for little financial reward (which limits potential investment in your company). You end up begrudging your clients and if you were to let it continue I would imagine start offering a lower service, or worse decide that running your own company wasn’t a good idea.

We recently re-jigged our pricing structure while analysing where I felt the business could do better and the only difference it has made is to my happiness, I feel far more rewarded for the work I produce. Interestingly the quantity of work being obtained has also increased somewhat dramatically so don’t think that your price will always sway the decision –a lot of the time it’s more about whether the client responds well to you.

It’s also worth pointing out that higher (not extortionate) rates, aren’t always a bad thing, I’ve lost out on pitches before because we’ve been too cheap and the client has opted for a more costly company, this isn’t always the case but oddly being more expensive often suggests you’re better.

Finding a niche isn’t always something you can do when you first set out as until you’re within a market you may not know the market well enough. If you do find a niche however, make sure you run a SWOT analysis on it first, it may not be that no-one else has noticed it, it may just be that others have tried and failed –that’s not to say that you can’t make it work however!

It’s defiantly one of the best things you’ll ever do –I would imagine this still counts even if it goes terribly wrong. I was once told that once you’ve been self-employed you’re effectively unemployable ever again and after having been self-employed for 3 years now I can see what they were getting at. I don’t think it’s so much from an employer’s POV but an employee’s, I would find it very hard to give up the freedom/control myself and so will do almost anything to avoid it!

I think this is a nice place to close this article, so in closing I’ll say that even if it fails you won’t regret trying, it’ll most likely be one of the hardest but also most rewarding and filling things that you’ll ever do. The worst thing you can do is not try and end up forever wondering what if…

IIRC as a new business you’re legally entitled to 30 minutes of a solicitor’s time which you should take advantage of. Sadly 30 minutes won’t last very long so prepare a set of your most important questions first. It depends on your local Chamber of Commerce, but when we were a member of the Birmingham Chamber of Commerce, they used to offer you low level legal support as part of your membership.

Although it may seem a large expense when you’re starting out, I really would recommend getting some form of T&Cs drawn up. Spending a couple of hundred pounds at this early stage is likely to save you a lot of hassle later down the road. It’s also an idea to have a coversheet written up that can accompany the T&Cs which has a few blanks you can fill in. We’ve called this our “Agreement for the provision of service” and it reads along the lines of:

IMHO you can write these yourself as they’re more just a summary of what you’ll be doing for the client in plain English so there’s no argument. I would state the total amount you’re charging –both in numbers and words, any time frames and additional services i.e. hosting.

Make sure you have the client sign two copies of your coversheet before you start any work for the client, you then sign and return one copy for the client’s records. The other, make sure you store somewhere safe (just incase!). I’ve not found clients object to signing T&Cs before work starts as it protects both the user and the client but I have found the coversheet helps clarify things for everyone.

There are a lot of contracts available for you to download online if you don't want to write your own or can't afford to have them written for you.

If you’re setting up with more than one person –especially if they’re a friend or loved one writing some form of contract between the two of you is incredibly important. Not wanting to sound negative but you never know what stresses and strains may be put on you and what effect they may have.

When forming the contract, if you’re going to do it yourself, make sure you overview the financials very carefully, at the very least I would cover the following:

• Any investments including details about who invested what, how long the investment will be for, any conditions associated with the investment and clear details on the repayment(s) of the investment.
• Profit share, I would suggest including information about percentages if possible (even if you’re planning on a 50-50 split).
• Liabilities and ownership–this is something that will come with time but it would be a good idea to overview everyone’s roles within the company. I wouldn’t encourage a blame culture but associating responsibility is important.
• Decision making. At times you will be required to make important decisions on a company basis, this is easy if you’re a sole trader but if there’s more than one person, how will you decide what to do should there be a split? Will you bring in a mediator to make the final decision or will you toss a coin?

At the end of the day, as John was getting at, no matter what the current the relations are between the company’s partners it’s best to be as explicit as possible to avoid any disagreement later.

A great point and well put. When you set out, scream and shout about the fact; let everyone know what you’re doing –and don’t forget to tell all your friends and family too. If you’re lucky, they’ll know someone who needs your service and will recommend you (or mention the fact allowing you to follow it up). The best business* we’ve had in the past has always come from recommendation.

*“Best” isn’t always quantified by the cheque at the end of the job

Wednesday 6th December 2006 was an interesting day for me, I often get asked about how I run The Site Doctor and how I set the company up in the first place, but on Wednesday I had no less than 3 people mention that they had thought about setting up their own business but weren’t sure how to go about it or whether they should so I thought there must be more.

Leon Jollans was the first and posted a question on the MsWebDev list (message in the archive here) asking for some advice and seeing as a plethora of fantastically useful information was offered I thought I’d wrap it up for future reference.

Before we get down and dirty with the advice, the first thing I’ll say to you is:
If you’re thinking about it, do it –there’s never a better time than now.

Cheesy as it sounds, it’s true, the number of people I’ve spoken to in the past saying that they’ve thought about it but the time’s not right is unbelievable, if you start off with that attitude, the time will never be right, there will always be a reason not to do it. The thing you realise once you do take the leap is; it couldn’t have been a better time!

In regards to how many businesses fail, I believe the official figures in the UK at the moment are 1 in 5 businesses make it through the first year. This would explain why the government is giving so many breaks to SMEs, so just remember -you're the 1 in 5!

Ok so to the tips, I’ve tried to get these into some form of logical order but some comments span multiple topics so I apologise about that.

Update 16th Feb 2007: The article is now available as a downloadable PDF

1. Business start-up advice
   • In Closing
   • Thanks To
   • Useful References / Links
2. Before you get going
   • Identity
3. Contracts and Terms and Conditions
4. Business Plan
   • Targets and Goals
   • Setting your rates
5. Working from home
   • Your working environment
   • Have a routine
   • Won't clients mind?
   • Telephony
6. Day-day running
   • Processes and procedures
     • What sort of processes am I referring to?
   • Team structure
   • Getting Employees
   • Business Management
   • Action pack or Empower
7. New Business
   • Networking
   • Meetings
     • Before the meeting
     • The day before
     • What should you wear?
     • On the day
     • After the meeting
   • Client and Supplier Relations
   • Christmas Cards/Gifts
8. Finances (VAT, Accountants etc)
   • Billing
     • What should your invoice look like?
   • Accounting
   • VAT
     • Should you go VAT registered or not?
     • Once VAT registered
   • Banking

In Closing

Thank you for taking the time to read the articles, I hope it wasn’t too overwhelming for you and more importantly I hope it’ll be a useful reference for you in one way or another. There was a lot more I want to add but it was starting to be never ending story so I had to put closure on it, over time however I expect I’ll add more so check back soon!

Here’s to your success!

Tim

Thanks To

As I said at the start of this article, it is largely based on information posted on the MsWebDev list so thanks must be given to all those that contributed:

• Sean Ronan
• John Mandia (http://weblogs.asp.net/jmandia)
• Jos Vernon
• Andy Henderson
• Alex Homer (Stonebroom Ltd)
• Mike A
• Ian Blackburn (http://www.bbits.co.uk/)
• Duncan C. Ion
• James Murphy
• Mickey Puri (http://www.ivtelecom.co.uk/)
• Sunny
• Michael Wall

Useful References / Links

The following links may also be interest to you:

• http://www.startinbusiness.co.uk/ -This should be one of your first ports of call, there is a huge amount of information available on pretty much every topic you'll ever need.
• http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/
• http://workalone.co.uk/mailman/listinfo/wauk_workalone.co.uk -The WAUK mailing list
• http://www.mswebdev.org.uk/ -The MsWebDev List on which this article was based on, full of interesting people chatting about development on the Microsoft platform
• http://www.under-score.org.uk/ -underscore_ is a collective of individuals working in New Media in and around Bristol.
• http://lists.evolt.org/ -Discussion list for designers, developers, and web managers working to make the web a better place for all!
• http://www.multipack.co.uk/ -The Multipack is a community of multi-talented individuals from across the Midlands UK, that come together to discuss all the things web and share their knowledge, skills and talents.
• http://www.soflow.com/ -Soflow an online business network.
• http://www.linkedin.com/ -LinkedIn is another networking tool that helps you discover inside connections to recommended job candidates, industry experts and business partners.
• http://www.whichwebdesigncompany.co.uk/ -Which Web Design Company is an independant website allowing clients who have used a web design company's service to rate and review them.
• http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/ -HM Revenue & Customs
• http://www.chamberonline.co.uk/ -The British Chamber of Commerce's main website.